Pharma Industries' value chain consists of three core services

How much does it cost?

	Product development: The cost of product development can differ widely depending on the nature and complexity of the development work. In general, we would retain the know-how for the development work and secure intellectual property and manufacturing rights for newly developed products.
	Planning and procurement: The cost of planning and procurement is a margin on the materials we purchase. The margin is dependent on the volume of purchasing, inventory holding periods and the level of benefit on reductions to purchase prices that we have achieved for the client.
	Commercial manufacturing: The cost of toll manufacturing is calculated on an activity basis that takes into account the exact workflow, operating times and headcount requirements. The toll manufacturing fee is charged on a per-unit basis and adjusted annually to account for changes in the underlying cost structure.

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